2019年06月四级第2套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Questions __26__ to __35__ are based on the following passage.

需要艰难推测的问题基于以下段落。

Just because they can't sing opera or ride a bicycle doesn't mean that animals don't have culture. There's no better example of this than killer whales. As one of the most __26__ predators (食肉动物), killer whales may not fit the __27__ of a cultured creature. However, these beasts of the sea do display a vast range of highly __28__ behaviors that appear to be driving their genetic development.

仅仅因为它们不能唱歌剧或骑自行车，并不意味着动物没有文化。没有比虎鲸更好的例子了。作为最凶残的食肉动物之一，虎鲸可能不符合有文化生物的形象。然而，这些海洋巨兽确实展示了广泛的高度精炼行为，这些行为似乎正在推动它们的遗传发展。

The word "culture" comes from the Latin "colere," which __29__ means "to cultivate." In other words, it refers to anything that is __30__ or learnt, rather than instinctive or natural. Among human populations, culture not only affects the way we live, but also writes itself into our genes, affecting who we are. For instance, having spent many generations hunting the fat marine mammals of the Arctic, the Eskimos of Greenland have developed certain genetic __31__ that help them digest and utilize this fat-rich diet, thereby allowing them to __32__ in their cold climate.

‘文化’一词来自拉丁语‘colere’，字面意思是‘耕种’。换句话说，它指的是任何习得或学到的东西，而不是本能或自然的。在人类种群中，文化不仅影响我们的生活方式，还写入我们的基因，影响我们是谁。例如，经过多代捕猎北极的脂肪海洋哺乳动物，格陵兰的爱斯基摩人发展出了某些遗传适应，帮助他们消化和利用这种高脂肪饮食，从而使他们能够在寒冷气候中茁壮成长。

Like humans, killer whales have colonized a range of different __33__ across the globe, occupying every ocean basin on the planet, with an empire that __34__ from pole to pole. As such, different populations of killer whales have had to learn different hunting techniques in order to gain the upper hand over their local prey (猎物). This, in turn, has a major effect on their diet, leading scientists to __35__ that the ability to learn population-specific hunting methods could be driving the animals' genetic development.

像人类一样，虎鲸已经殖民了全球一系列不同的栖息地，占据了地球上的每一个海洋盆地，拥有一个从极地延伸到极地的帝国。因此，不同种群的虎鲸必须学习不同的狩猎技术，以在当地猎物中占上风。这反过来对它们的饮食产生了重大影响，使科学家推测学习种群特定狩猎方法的能力可能正在推动这些动物的遗传发展。