2017年06月六级第3套听力原文及答案解析

Conversation 1.

对话一。

F: Mr. Ishiguro, have you ever found one of your books at a second-hand bookstore?

石黑先生，您曾经在二手书店里发现过自己的书吗？

M: Yes, that kind of thing is difficult. If they've got my book there, I think, well, this is an insult. Somebody didn't want to keep my book. But if it's not there, I feel it's an insult too. I think, why aren't people exchanging my book? Why isn't it in this store?

有过，那种事让人很为难。如果店里摆着我的书，我会想，唉，这是一种侮辱，有人不想留着我的书。可如果店里没有我的书，我也觉得是一种侮辱。我会想，为什么大家不转卖我的书？为什么这家店里没有它？

F: Does being a writer require a thick skin?

当作家是不是需要脸皮厚一点？

M: Yes. For example, my wife can be very harsh. I began working on my latest book, The Buried Giant, in 2004. But I stopped after I showed my wife a little section. She thought it was rubbish.

是的。比如说，我妻子可以非常严厉。我从2004年开始写我最新的书《被掩埋的巨人》，但在把一小段拿给妻子看之后我就停笔了。她觉得那是垃圾。

F: Even after you won a Booker Prize?

即便您已经拿过布克奖了吗？

M: She's not intimidated at all. And she criticizes me in exactly the same way she did when I was first unpublished and I was starting out.

她一点也不被吓住。她批评我的方式，跟我当年还没出版、刚起步时一模一样。

F: But you would never compromise on your vision.

但您绝不会在自己的创作理念上妥协吧。

M: No, I wouldn't ever compromise on the essential — the ideas or the themes. This isn't really what my wife is trying to criticize me about. It's always about execution.

不会，我绝不会在最核心的东西上妥协——也就是思想或主题。我妻子真正批评的并不是这些，她针对的始终是执行和写法。

F: So why did you put your book, The Buried Giant, aside for so long? Apparently you started working on it over ten years ago.

那您为什么把《被掩埋的巨人》搁置了这么久？据说您十多年前就开始写它了。

M: I've often stopped writing a book and left it for a few years. And by the time I come back to it, it may have changed. Usually my imagination has moved on and I can think of different contexts or a different way to do it.

我经常会中途停下一本书，把它搁置好几年。等我再回过头来写时，它可能已经变了样。通常我的想象力已经发展到别处，我能想到不同的背景设定或不同的写法。

F: What does it feel like when you finally finish a book?

当您终于写完一本书时，那是什么感觉？

M: It's funny you ask that, because I never have this moment when I feel, ah, I've finished. I watch footballers at the end of the match, you know, the whistle goes and they've won or lost. Until then, they've been giving everything they have, and at that moment they know it's over. It's funny for an author — there's never a finishing whistle.

你问得真有意思，因为我从来没有那种“啊，我写完了”的时刻。我看足球运动员在比赛结束时，哨声一响，他们要么赢要么输。在那之前，他们倾尽全力，而那一刻他们知道一切都结束了。对作家来说很有意思——根本没有一声终场哨。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题1至4基于你刚刚听到的对话。

Question 1. How would the man feel if he found one of his books at a second-hand bookstore?

问题1。如果这位男士在二手书店发现自己的一本书，他会有什么感受？

Question 2. What does the man's wife think of his books?

问题2。这位男士的妻子如何看待他的书？

Question 3. What does the man do when he engages in writing?

问题3。这位男士在写作时通常会怎么做？

Question 4. What does the man want to say by mentioning the football match?

问题4。这位男士提到足球比赛是想表达什么？

Conversation 2.

对话二。

F: According to a study of race and equity in education, black athletes are dropping out of college across the country at alarming rates. With us to talk about the findings in this study is Washington Post columnist Kevin Blackstone. Good morning.

根据一项关于教育中种族与公平的研究，全国各地的黑人运动员正以惊人的速度从大学辍学。今天来和我们谈谈这项研究发现的是《华盛顿邮报》专栏作家凯文·布莱克斯通。早上好。

M: Good morning. How are you?

早上好。你好吗？

F: Fine, thank you. What is new that you found in this study?

很好，谢谢。这项研究中你发现了什么新内容？

M: Well, this is Shaun Harper's study, and he points out that on major college campuses across the country, black males make up less than 3% of undergraduate enrollments. Yet, when you look at their numbers or percentages on the revenue-generating sports teams of football and basketball, they make up well into 50 to 60% of those teams. So the idea is that they are really there to be part of the revenue-generating working class of athletes on campus, and not necessarily there to be part of the educating class, as most students in other groups are.

嗯，这是肖恩·哈珀的研究，他指出，在全国各大高校校园里，黑人男性占本科生入学人数的比例不到3%。然而，当你看他们在橄榄球和篮球这些创收运动队中的人数或比例时，他们却占到了这些球队的50%到60%。所以这意味着，他们在校园里其实是作为创收的运动员劳动阶层而存在的，而不像其他群体的大多数学生那样，是受教育阶层的一部分。

F: Compared with other groups, I think the numbers in this group at those 65 schools are something like just barely more than half of the black male athletes graduate at all.

与其他群体相比，我想在那65所学校里，这个群体的数据大概是，仅仅只有刚刚过半的黑人男性运动员能够最终毕业。

M: Exactly. And what's really bad about this is these athletes are supposedly promised at least one thing as reward for all their blood and sweat, and that is a college degree, which can be a transformative tool in our society when you talk about upward mobility. And that's really the troubling part about this.

完全正确。而真正糟糕的是，这些运动员据说至少被许诺了一样东西作为他们付出血汗的回报，那就是大学学位。当我们谈到向上的社会流动时，大学学位可以是社会中一种能改变命运的工具。而这正是这件事真正令人担忧的地方。

F: Well, this has been talked about so much, really, in recent years. Why hasn't it changed?

嗯，近年来人们其实已经谈论这个问题很多了。为什么它一直没有改变呢？

M: Well, I think one of the reasons it hasn't changed is because there's really no economic pressure to change this. All of the incentive is really on winning and not losing on the field or on the court. Coaches do not necessarily have the incentive to graduate players.

嗯，我认为它一直没有改变的原因之一，是确实没有经济上的压力去改变它。所有的激励其实都在于在球场上取胜而不是输球。教练们未必有让球员毕业的动力。

Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

问题5至8基于你刚才听到的对话。

Question 5. What are the speakers talking about?

问题5。说话者们在谈论什么？

Question 6. What is the new finding about black male athletes in this study?

问题6。这项研究中关于黑人男性运动员的新发现是什么？

Question 7. What is the graduation rate of black male athletes?

问题7。黑人男性运动员的毕业率是多少？

Question 8. What accounts for black athletes' failure to obtain a college degree according to the man?

问题8。根据这位男士的说法，是什么导致了黑人运动员无法获得大学学位？

Passage 1.

第一篇短文。

America's holiday shopping season starts on Black Friday, the day after Thanksgiving.

美国的假日购物季从黑色星期五开始，也就是感恩节后的第二天。

It is the busiest shopping day of the year.

这是一年中最繁忙的购物日。

Retailers make the most money this time of year, about 20 to 30 percent of annual revenue.

零售商在一年中的这个时候赚钱最多，约占其年收入的百分之二十到三十。

About 136 million people will shop during the Thanksgiving holiday weekend.

约有一亿三千六百万人会在感恩节假期周末购物。

More and more will shop online.

越来越多的人将在网上购物。

In an era of instant information, shoppers can use their mobile phones to find deals.

在这个信息即时获取的时代，购物者可以用手机寻找优惠。

About 183.8 million people will shop on Cyber Monday, the first Monday after Thanksgiving.

约有一亿八千三百八十万人将在网络星期一购物，也就是感恩节后的第一个星期一。

More than half of all holiday purchases will be made online.

超过一半的假日购物将在网上完成。

One in five Americans will use a tablet or smartphone.

五分之一的美国人将使用平板电脑或智能手机购物。

Online spending on Black Friday will rise 15 percent to hit 2.7 billion dollars this year.

今年黑色星期五的网上消费将增长百分之十五，达到二十七亿美元。

Cyber Monday spending will increase 12 percent to 3 billion dollars.

网络星期一的消费将增长百分之十二，达到三十亿美元。

For many, shopping online was a more comfortable alternative than crowded malls.

对许多人来说，网上购物是比拥挤的商场更舒适的选择。

The shift to online shopping has had a big impact on traditional shopping malls.

向网上购物的转变对传统购物中心产生了巨大影响。

Since 2010, more than 24 shopping malls have closed and an additional 60 are struggling.

自2010年以来，已有超过24家购物中心关闭，另有60家正在苦苦支撑。

However, Fortune says the weakest of the malls have closed; the sector is thriving again.

然而，《财富》杂志称，那些最弱的商场已经关闭，这个行业正再次繁荣起来。

The International Council of Shopping Centers said 94.2 percent of malls were full or occupied with shops by the end of 2014.

国际购物中心协会表示，到2014年底，百分之九十四点二的购物中心已客满或被店铺占用。

That is the highest level in 27 years.

这是27年来的最高水平。

Economist Gus Faucher said lower unemployment and rising wages could give Americans more money to spend.

经济学家古斯·福彻表示，失业率下降和工资上涨可能让美国人有更多的钱用于消费。

The average American consumer will spend about 805 dollars on gifts.

美国消费者平均将在礼物上花费约805美元。

That's about 630.5 billion dollars between November and December, an increase of 3.7 percent from last year.

也就是11月到12月之间约六千三百零五亿美元，比去年增长百分之三点七。

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第9到12题基于你刚刚听到的短文。

Question 9. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

第9题。说话者主要在谈论什么？

Question 10. How many people will shop on Cyber Monday?

第10题。有多少人将在网络星期一购物？

Question 11. What does Fortune say about traditional shopping malls?

第11题。《财富》杂志对传统购物中心有何评价？

Question 12. What is said to account for the increased number of shoppers?

第12题。据说是什么导致了购物者数量的增加？

Passage 2.

第二篇短文。

For years, many of us have relied on antibiotic use to treat various infections.

多年来，我们当中许多人都依赖使用抗生素来治疗各种感染。

And the reality is that antibiotics have been responsible for saving millions of lives since penicillin, one of the earliest antibiotics, was first used on a clinical basis 70 years ago.

事实上，自从最早的抗生素之一青霉素在70年前首次用于临床以来，抗生素已经挽救了数百万人的生命。

However, today is a new era in which taking antibiotics can cause some very dangerous and potentially life-threatening situations.

然而，如今进入了一个新时代，服用抗生素可能会带来一些非常危险、甚至可能危及生命的情况。

In fact, you may have heard about the new superbugs, which are antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have developed as a result of overprescribed antibiotics.

事实上，你可能听说过新出现的超级细菌，它们是由于抗生素被过度开处方而产生的耐抗生素细菌。

In the past, health experts warned us that the day would come in which it would become very difficult to provide medical care for even common problems, such as lung infection or severe sore throat.

过去，健康专家曾警告我们，总有一天，即使是肺部感染或严重咽喉痛这样常见的问题，提供医疗救治也会变得非常困难。

And apparently that day has come, because seemingly routine operations such as knee replacements are now much more hazardous due to the looming threat of these infections.

显然那一天已经到来，因为像膝关节置换这样看似常规的手术，如今因为这些感染日益逼近的威胁而变得危险得多。

The problem has grown into such epidemic proportions that this severe strain of resistant bacteria is being blamed for nearly 700,000 deaths each year throughout the world.

这一问题已经发展到流行病般的规模，以至于这种严重的耐药菌株被认为造成了全世界每年近70万人死亡。

And unfortunately, health experts worry that the number will rise to 10 million or more on a yearly basis by 2050.

不幸的是，健康专家担心，到2050年这一数字将每年上升到1000万或更多。

With such a large life-threatening epidemic, it is sad to say that only 1.2% of budgetary money for the National Institutes of Health is currently being spent on research to tackle this problem.

面对如此巨大的、危及生命的流行病，可悲的是，目前美国国家卫生研究院仅有1.2%的预算资金被用于解决这一问题的研究。

This is a far cry from the funds necessary for a problem of such magnitude.

这与如此严重的问题所需要的资金相差甚远。

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

第13到15题基于你刚刚听到的这篇短文。

Question 13. What do we learn about the superbugs?

第13题。关于超级细菌，我们了解到什么？

Question 14. What is the result of the overuse of antibiotics?

第14题。抗生素过度使用的结果是什么？

Question 15. What is most urgently needed for tackling the large life-threatening epidemic according to the speaker?

第15题。根据说话人所说，应对这一危及生命的大规模流行病最迫切需要什么？

Recording 1.

录音一。

This is the reason you are here in a university. You are here to be educated. You are here to understand thinking better and to think better yourself.

这就是你们身处大学的理由。你们来这里是为了接受教育，来这里是为了更好地理解思考，并让自己思考得更好。

It's not a chance you're going to have throughout your lifetime. For the next few years, you have a chance to focus on thinking.

这不是你一生中随时都能拥有的机会。在接下来的几年里，你们有机会专注于思考。

I think about some of the students who took advantage of their opportunities in a university. One of the stories I always like to tell is of a freshman seminar that I had a chance to teach at Harvard when I was president of the university.

我会想起一些充分利用了大学机会的学生。我最爱讲的一个故事，是关于我担任哈佛大学校长时有幸教授的一个新生研讨班。

I taught a seminar on globalization and I assigned a reading that I had written about global capital flows. And as I did each week, I asked one of the students to introduce the readings.

我教的是一门关于全球化的研讨课，我布置了一篇自己撰写的、关于全球资本流动的阅读材料。和每周一样，我请一位学生来介绍这些阅读材料。

And this young man in October of his freshman year said something like the following. The reading by President Summers on the flow of capital across countries, it was kind of interesting, but the data did not come close to supporting the conclusions.

这个年轻人在他大一的十月份说了大致如下的话：萨默斯校长这篇关于跨国资本流动的阅读材料，还算有点意思，但数据远远不足以支撑文中的结论。

And I thought to myself, what a fantastic thing this was. How could somebody who had been there for five weeks tell the person who had the title president that he didn't really know what he was talking about? And it was a special moment.

我心想，这真是太棒了。一个才来了五个星期的人，怎么能对一位顶着校长头衔的人说，他其实并不懂自己在讲什么呢？那真是一个特别的时刻。

Now, I don't want to be misunderstood. I explained to my student that I actually thought he was rather more confused than I was. And I argued back.

不过，我不想被误解。我向那位学生解释说，我其实觉得他比我更糊涂，于是我也反驳了回去。

But what was really important about that was the universities stand out as places that really are about the authority of ideas. You see it in faculty members who are pleased when their students make a discovery that undermines a cherished theory that they had put forward.

但真正重要的是，大学之所以与众不同，正在于它们是崇尚思想权威的地方。你可以在教师身上看到这一点：当学生作出某个发现、推翻了他们曾经珍视并提出的理论时，他们反而感到高兴。

I think of another student I had who came to me one evening, walked into my office and said that I had written a pretty good paper, but that it had five important mistakes and that he wanted a job.

我还想起另一位学生，他一天傍晚来找我，走进我的办公室说，我写了一篇相当不错的论文，但里面有五个重要的错误，而且他想要一份工作。

You could debate whether they actually were mistakes, but you couldn't debate that young man's hunger to learn. You could not debate that that young man was someone who wanted to make a difference in economics.

你可以争论那些到底算不算错误，但你无法否认那个年轻人对学习的渴望。你无法否认那个年轻人是一个想要在经济学领域有所建树的人。

And he is today a professor of economics, and his works are more cited as an economist than any other economist in the world.

如今他已是一位经济学教授，作为经济学家，他的著作被引用的次数超过了世界上任何其他经济学家。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

第16至18题基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 16. What does the speaker say about a university?

第16题。说话人谈到大学时说了什么？

Question 17. What do we learn from the speaker's stories about universities?

第17题。从说话人讲述的故事中，我们对大学有什么了解？

Question 18. What does the speaker see in the young man who challenged his paper?

第18题。说话人在那个质疑他论文的年轻人身上看到了什么？

Recording 2.

录音二。

Psychological research shows we consistently underestimate our mental powers.

心理学研究表明，我们总是一贯地低估自己的智力。

If you think this does not apply to you, then here is a simple test to show you are wrong.

如果你认为这不适用于你，那么这里有一个简单的测试可以证明你是错的。

Write down the names of all the American states you can remember.

写下你所能记住的所有美国州名。

Put the list away and then set yourself the same task a week later.

把这份清单收起来，一周后再让自己做同样的任务。

Provided you have not cheated by consulting an atlas, you will notice something rather surprising.

只要你没有靠查阅地图册作弊，你就会注意到一些相当令人惊讶的现象。

The two lists will contain roughly the same number of states, but they will not be identical.

这两份清单所含的州数大致相同，但它们并不完全一样。

Some names will have slipped away, but others will have replaced them.

有些名字会消失，但另一些名字会取而代之。

This suggests that somewhere in your mind you may well have a record of virtually every state.

这表明，在你脑海的某个地方，你很可能记录着几乎每一个州。

So it is not really your memory letting you down, just your ability to retrieve information from it.

所以真正让你失望的并不是你的记忆力，而只是你从记忆中提取信息的能力。

We would remember a lot more if we had more confidence in our memories and knew how to use them properly.

如果我们对自己的记忆更有信心，并且懂得如何正确地使用它们，我们就能记住更多东西。

One useful tip is that things are more likely to be remembered if you are in exactly the same state and place as you were when you learned them.

一个有用的窍门是：如果你处于与学习时完全相同的状态和地点，那么事物就更容易被记住。

So if you are a student who always reviews over black coffee, perhaps it would be sensible to prime yourself with a cup before the exam.

所以如果你是一个总是边喝黑咖啡边复习的学生，也许在考试前先给自己来上一杯是明智的做法。

If possible, you should also try to learn information in the room where it is going to be tested.

如果可能的话，你还应该尽量在将要进行考试的房间里学习相关信息。

When you learn is also important.

你在什么时候学习也很重要。

Lots of people swear they can absorb new information more efficiently at some times of the day than at others.

很多人坚信，他们在一天中的某些时段比其他时段能更高效地吸收新信息。

Research shows this is not just imagination.

研究表明，这并非只是想象。

There is a biological rhythm for learning.

学习存在着一种生物节律。

Though it affects different people in different ways, for most of us the best plan is to take in new information in the morning and then try to consolidate it into memory during the afternoon.

虽然它对不同的人有不同的影响，但对我们大多数人来说，最好的安排是上午吸收新信息，然后在下午努力把它巩固进记忆中。

But this does not apply to everyone, so it is essential to establish your own rhythm.

但这并不适用于每个人，所以确立你自己的节律至关重要。

You can do this by learning a set number of lines of poetry at different times of the day and seeing when most lines stick.

你可以通过在一天的不同时段背诵固定数量的诗句，并看看在什么时候记住的诗句最多来做到这一点。

When you have done this, try to organize your life so that the time set aside for learning coincides with the time when your memory is at its best.

做完这件事后，尽量安排好你的生活，让留给学习的时间正好与你记忆力最佳的时间相吻合。

Avoid learning marathons. They do not make the best use of your mind.

避免马拉松式的学习。它们并不能最好地利用你的大脑。

Take plenty of breaks because they offer a double bonus.

多多休息，因为休息能带来双重好处。

The time off gives your mind a chance to do some preliminary consolidation and it also gives a memory boost to the learning.

休息时间让你的大脑有机会做一些初步的巩固，同时也对学习起到增强记忆的作用。

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.

问题19至22基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 19. What does the simple test suggest?

问题19。这个简单的测试说明了什么？

Question 20. What do we learn about the two lists in the test?

问题20。关于测试中的两份清单，我们了解到了什么？

Question 21. What does the speaker suggest about preparing for and taking an exam?

问题21。关于备考和参加考试，说话者提出了什么建议？

Question 22. What tip does the speaker give on learning?

问题22。说话者给出了关于学习的什么窍门？

Recording 3.

录音 3。

Hello. Today I am going to talk about poverty.

大家好。今天我要谈谈贫困这个话题。

Poverty has become a critical issue in today's world. It concerns not only us sociologists but also economists, politicians and business people.

贫困已成为当今世界一个至关重要的问题。它不仅关系到我们社会学家，也关系到经济学家、政治家和商人。

Poverty has been understood in many different ways. One useful way is to distinguish between three degrees of poverty: extreme poverty, moderate poverty and relative poverty.

人们以多种不同的方式理解贫困。一种有用的方式是把贫困区分为三种程度：极端贫困、中度贫困和相对贫困。

The first type of poverty is extreme poverty. It is also called absolute poverty.

第一种贫困是极端贫困。它也被称为绝对贫困。

In extreme poverty, households cannot meet basic needs for survival. People are chronically hungry. They are unable to access safe drinking water, let alone health care. They cannot afford education for their children.

在极端贫困中，家庭无法满足基本的生存需求。人们长期处于饥饿状态。他们无法获得安全的饮用水，更不用说医疗了。他们负担不起子女的教育。

In short, people who live in extreme poverty do not have even the minimum resources to support themselves and their families.

简而言之，生活在极端贫困中的人们甚至连维持自己和家人生计所需的最低限度资源都没有。

Where does extreme poverty occur? Well, you can find it only in developing countries.

极端贫困发生在哪里呢？嗯，你只能在发展中国家找到它。

Well, what about moderate poverty? Unlike extreme poverty, moderate poverty generally refers to conditions of life in which basic needs are met but barely.

那么中度贫困又如何呢？与极端贫困不同，中度贫困通常指的是基本需求得到满足、但仅仅勉强满足的生活状况。

People living in moderate poverty have the resources to keep themselves alive, but only at a very basic level.

生活在中度贫困中的人们拥有维持生命的资源，但仅仅处于非常基本的水平。

For example, they may have access to drinking water but not clean, safe drinking water. They may have a home to shelter themselves, but it does not have power supply, a telephone or plumbing.

例如，他们可能有饮用水，但不是干净、安全的饮用水。他们可能有遮风挡雨的住所，但没有电力供应、电话或管道设施。

The third kind of poverty is relative poverty. Relative poverty is generally considered to be a household income level which is below a given proportion of average family income.

第三种贫困是相对贫困。相对贫困通常被认为是低于平均家庭收入某一特定比例的家庭收入水平。

The relatively poor live in high-income countries, but they do not have a high income themselves.

相对贫困者生活在高收入国家，但他们本身收入并不高。

The method of calculating the poverty line is different from country to country, but we can say that basically a family living in relative poverty has less than a certain percentage of the average family income.

计算贫困线的方法因国家而异，但我们可以说，生活在相对贫困中的家庭基本上其收入低于平均家庭收入的某一百分比。

For example, in the United States, a family can be considered poor if their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.

例如，在美国，如果一个家庭的收入低于全国平均家庭收入的 50%，就可以被认为是贫困的。

They can meet their basic needs, but they lack access to cultural goods, entertainment and recreation. They also do not have access to quality health care or other prerequisites for upward social mobility.

他们能满足基本需求，但缺乏获得文化产品、娱乐和休闲的途径。他们也无法获得优质的医疗服务或其他向上社会流动的必要条件。

Well, I have briefly explained to you how poverty can be distinguished as extreme poverty, moderate poverty and relative poverty.

好了，我已经向你们简要解释了如何将贫困区分为极端贫困、中度贫困和相对贫困。

We should keep these distinctions in mind when we research people's living conditions, either in the developing or the developed world.

当我们研究人们的生活状况时，无论是在发展中世界还是发达世界，都应该牢记这些区别。

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.

第 23 至 25 题基于你刚刚听到的录音。

Question 23. What does the speaker do?

第 23 题。说话者从事什么职业？

Question 24. Where does the speaker say we can find extreme poverty?

第 24 题。说话者说我们能在哪里找到极端贫困？

Question 25. What do we learn about American people living in relative poverty?

第 25 题。关于生活在相对贫困中的美国人，我们了解到什么？