2017年06月四级第1套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Questions __26__ to __35__ are based on the following passage.

关于原材料的问题基于以下段落。

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a __26__ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a __27__ ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers __28__ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient "beer-making tools," and the earliest __29__ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To __30__ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried __31__ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, __32__ lily, which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn't become a __33__ food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have __34__ in the region not as food, but as __35__ material for beer brewing.

啤酒的制作方法随时间而变化。例如，啤酒花给许多现代啤酒带来苦味，是饮料中相对较新的添加物。这首次在九世纪的酿造相关文献中被提及。现在，研究人员在5000年历史的啤酒酿造设备残留物中发现了一种令人惊讶的成分。在中国中部平原的一个遗址挖掘两个坑时，科学家发现了陶罐和容器的碎片。容器的不同形状表明它们曾被用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒。它们可能是古代的'啤酒制作工具'，也是中国啤酒酿造的最早直接证据，研究人员在《美国国家科学院院刊》中报告。为了检验这一理论，团队检查了容器内黄色的、干燥的残留物。科学家说，大多数谷物，约80%，来自大麦等谷类作物，约10%是根部碎片，包括百合，这会使啤酒更甜。大麦是一个意外发现：据研究人员称，这种作物在西部欧亚大陆被驯化，直到约2000年前才成为中国中部的主要食物。基于这一时间，他们指出大麦可能不是作为食物，而是作为啤酒酿造的原材料来到该地区。