2025年06月四级第1套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Psychologists have long been interested in how we construct our identities and the sorts of strategies that we use to present ourselves in society. New findings suggest that the kinds of __26__ and strategic self-presentation behaviour we see in adults appear at a much younger age than __27__ known.

心理学家长期以来一直关注我们如何构建身份以及在社会中呈现自我的策略类型。新发现表明，我们在成人中看到的复杂且策略性的自我呈现行为，其出现年龄比之前所知要小得多。

Research shows that a child's awareness of social standing comes from adults. Like grown-ups, kids want to be __28__ by those they admire. Interactive experiences may provide opportunities for children to learn about what __29__ a desirable reputation and the kinds of strategies that are effective for __30__ a good reputation in their social environment.

研究表明，儿童对社会地位的认知来源于成年人。像成年人一样，孩子们希望被他们所钦佩的人接受。互动体验可能为儿童提供机会，学习什么构成理想的声誉，以及在社交环境中建立良好声誉的有效策略。

Five-year-olds aren't just aware of their reputations, they also behave strategically to alter their outward image. They will __31__ their behaviour in order to appear moral or socially good in the eyes of key observers. While we know that adults use a large variety of attributes to manage and create impressions, we don't yet know whether children __32__ and use the fact that different attributes are valuable at different times to different __33__. It's important for us to further consider where in this process children succeed in controlling their reputation and where they __34__.

五岁儿童不仅意识到自己的声誉，还会策略性地行为以改变外在形象。他们会调整行为，以便在关键观察者眼中显得道德或社交良好。虽然我们知道成年人使用多种属性来管理和创造印象，但我们尚不清楚儿童是否理解并利用不同属性在不同时间对不同受众的价值。重要的是，我们需要进一步思考儿童在这一过程中何时成功控制声誉，何时遇到困难。

A question to think about is, "What happens even earlier than age five?" Children don't just show up to the first day of kindergarten and have the idea of reputation pop __35__ into existence. The logical question to ask is, "What happens even earlier?"

一个值得思考的问题是：“在五岁之前发生了什么？”儿童并非一出现在幼儿园的第一天，声誉的概念就突然产生。合乎逻辑的问题是：“更早发生了什么？”