2025年06月四级第3套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

The human brain has the ability to constantly form new networks and connections between brain cells. This means the brain has an almost magical ability to change. This characteristic is __26__ apparent in a new study, focusing on people who underwent a hemispherectomy, a surgical procedure in which half of the brain is removed to treat illness.

人类大脑有能力在脑细胞之间不断形成新的网络和连接。这意味着大脑具有几乎神奇的改变能力。这一特征在一项新研究中尤为明显，该研究关注接受半球切除术的人，这是一种切除一半大脑以治疗疾病的手术。

The findings showed that, despite missing half of this critical __27__, participants could function well. This was because the __28__ half of their brain strengthened. In fact, researchers found that connections—and thus communication—between parts of different brain networks are actually stronger in people who had hemispherectomies than in people with intact brains. This __29__ that the brain is able to compensate for loss of certain brain structure.

研究结果显示，尽管缺失了这一关键器官的一半，参与者仍能正常运作。这是因为他们的剩余大脑半球得到了强化。事实上，研究人员发现，在接受半球切除术的人中，不同脑网络部分之间的连接——以及因此产生的通信——实际上比大脑完整的人更强。这表明大脑能够补偿某些脑结构的损失。

There are many other cases in the medical __30__ that document the brain's amazing ability to __31__. For example, a young boy had a significant portion of his brain removed for medical reason, which included the part of the brain __32__ for sight. But a few years after his surgery, scientists found that he could __33__ see. They determined that this was because other parts of his brain took over the missing part's __34__ tasks. Another study involved people who could smell, despite missing the region in the brain that processes information about smells. Though they are not sure how these individuals __35__ the ability to smell, scientists believe it is possible that another part of the brain took on that task.

医学文献中有许多其他案例记录了大脑惊人的适应能力。例如，一名小男孩因医疗原因切除了大脑的一大部分，包括负责视觉的部分。但在手术几年后，科学家发现他仍然能够看见。他们确定这是因为大脑的其他部分接管了缺失部分的视觉任务。另一项研究涉及一些能够闻到气味的人，尽管他们缺失了大脑中处理嗅觉信息的区域。虽然科学家们不确定这些个体如何保留了嗅觉能力，但他们认为可能是大脑的其他部分承担了这一任务。