2024年06月四级第2套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

A team of researchers led by Priyanka Joshi examined the degree to which men and women relied on "communicative abstraction" to verbally convey their ideas and emotions. Communicative abstraction, according to the researchers, reflects the tendency of people to use "abstract speech that focuses on the broader picture and __26__ purpose of action rather than concrete speech focusing on details and the means of __27__ action." Interestingly, they found that men were far more likely to speak in the abstract than were women.

由Priyanka Joshi领导的一个研究团队考察了男性和女性在言语传达想法和情感时依赖“沟通抽象性”的程度。根据研究人员的说法，沟通抽象性反映了人们使用“关注更广泛图景和行动最终目的的抽象言语，而非关注细节和源行动方式的具体言语”的倾向。有趣的是，他们发现男性比女性更倾向于使用抽象语言。

To arrive at this __28__, the researchers examined the linguistic (语言的) patterns of men and women in over 600,000 blog posts written on websites. To do this, the researchers computed abstractness ratings for __29__ 40,000 commonly used words in the English language. Words considered to be concrete could be easily visualized, such as "table" or "chair". Words that were more __30__ to visualize, for example, "justice" or "morality" were considered to be more abstract. They found that men used __31__ more abstract language in their blog posts.

为了得出这一结论，研究人员考察了男性和女性在超过60万篇网站博客帖子中的语言模式。为此，研究人员计算了大约4万个常用英语单词的抽象度评分。被认为是具体的词语可以很容易地可视化，例如“桌子”或“椅子”。更难以可视化的词语，例如“正义”或“道德”，则被认为更抽象。他们发现男性在博客帖子中使用了明显更多的抽象语言。

What is the __32__ of this effect? The researchers suggest that power differences between the genders— that is, men having more power in society—might be a key determinant (决定因素). For instance, in a follow-up study conducted with a sample of 300 students, the researchers __33__ power dynamics in an interpersonal setting to see if this would influence communicative abstraction. They found that participants in a high-power interviewer role were more likely to give abstract descriptions of behaviors than were participants in a low-power interviewee role. This suggests that communicating more abstractly does not reflect a __34__ tendency of men or women but rather __35__ within specific contexts.

这种效应的原因是什么？研究人员建议，性别之间的权力差异——即男性在社会中拥有更多权力——可能是一个关键决定因素。例如，在一项针对300名学生的后续研究中，研究人员操纵了人际环境中的权力动态，以观察这是否会影响沟通抽象性。他们发现，处于高权力访谈者角色的参与者比处于低权力被访谈者角色的参与者更可能对行为进行抽象描述。这表明，更抽象地沟通并不反映男性或女性的固定倾向，而是在特定情境下的信号。