2019年06月六级第3套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Steel is valued for its reliability, but not when it gets cold. Most forms of steel __26__ become brittle (脆的) at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mixed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists __27__ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness - without the need for expensive __28__.

钢因其可靠性而备受重视，但在寒冷条件下却不然。大多数形式的钢在低于约-25℃的温度下会突然变脆，除非与其他金属混合。然而，现在已经开发出一种新型钢，它能在更低的温度下抵抗断裂，同时保持其强度和韧性——无需昂贵的添加剂。

Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed (用鱼雷攻击) numerous British ships, a 2700-strong fleet of cheap-and-cheerful "Liberty ships" was introduced to replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the __29__ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of the ships __30__ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.

钢在低温下的脆性在第二次世界大战期间首次成为主要关注点。在德国U型潜艇用鱼雷击沉众多英国船只后，一支由2700艘廉价而实用的“自由轮”组成的船队被引入以替代损失的船只，为被围困的英国人提供了一条生命线。但是，数百艘船只的钢壳在冰冷的北大西洋中开裂，其中12艘断裂成两半并沉没。

Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. So scientists have __31__ to find a solution by mixing it with expensive metals such as nickel.

在寒冷条件下建造钢结构时，脆性仍然是一个问题，例如北极的石油钻井平台。因此，科学家们努力寻找解决方案，通过将其与昂贵的金属如镍混合。

Yuuji Kimura and colleagues in Japan tried a more physical __32__. Rather than adding other metals, they developed a complex mechanical process involving repeated heating and very severe mechanical deformation, known as tempforming.

日本的木村裕二及其同事尝试了一种更物理的方法。他们不是添加其他金属，而是开发了一种复杂的机械过程，涉及反复加热和非常剧烈的机械变形，称为热成形。

The resulting steel appears to achieve a combination of strength and toughness that is __33__ to that of modern steels that are very rich in alloy content and, therefore, very expensive.

由此产生的钢似乎实现了强度和韧性的结合，这与合金含量非常高、因此非常昂贵的现代钢相当。

Kimura's team intends to use its tempformed steel to make ultra-high strength parts, such as bolts. They hope to reduce both the number of __34__ needed in a construction job and their weight by replacing solid supports with __35__ tubes, for example. This could reduce the amount of steel needed to make everything from automobiles to buildings and bridges.

木村团队打算使用其热成形钢制造超高强度部件，如螺栓。他们希望通过用空心管替换实心支撑等方式，减少建筑作业中所需的部件数量及其重量。这可以减少制造从汽车到建筑和桥梁所需的一切的钢材用量。