2019年12月六级第3套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world's urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organisation sidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died __26__ from outdoor air pollution in 2015. Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will __27__ the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would a smog-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like? Traffic has become __28__ with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply __29__ to electric cars will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is __30__, while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne __31__ as they wear out. Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centres, while young people especially are __32__ for other means of travel. Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its __33__ and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this __34__, instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of London's orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size a road can __35__ double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.

我们许多城市上空持续的雾霾提醒着我们所呼吸的空气污染。全球超过80%的城市人口呼吸的空气未能达到世界卫生组织的标准，2015年，估计有450万人因室外空气污染而过早死亡。全球范围内，城市人口预计在未来40年翻倍，额外20亿人将需要新的居住地，以及城市内的服务和出行方式。更重要的是，我们现在关于城市设计的决策将决定未来几代人的日常生活和健康。那么，一个无烟尘或至少低污染的城市会是什么样子？交通与空气污染已密不可分，许多国家打算在未来二十年内禁止销售汽油和柴油汽车。但简单地转向电动汽车并不意味着无污染城市。它们造成的排放水平将取决于发电方式，而刹车、轮胎和道路在磨损时都会产生微小的空气颗粒物。在发达国家，随着更多人迁移到市中心，汽车使用正在下降，尤其是年轻人，他们更倾向于其他出行方式。研究人员已经在询问机动车使用是否已达到顶峰并会下降，但交通规划者尚未跟上这一趋势，而是铺设新道路来应对交通拥堵。正如伦敦环线M25高速公路的用户所知，新道路很快就被更多交通填满。在美国，研究表明，将道路规模加倍可以使交通量翻倍，使我们回到起点。