Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word
In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting ___1___ workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended ___2___ giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect," the extremely influential idea that the very ___3___ of being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.
The idea arose because of the ___4___ behavior of the women in the plant. According to ___5___ of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not ___6___ what was done in the experiment; ___7___ something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) ___8___ that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ___9___ to alter workers' behavior ___10___ itself.
After several decades, the same data were ___11___ to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments had another surprise in store. ___12___ the descriptions on record, no systematic ___13___ was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.
It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to ___14___ interpretations of what happened. ___15___ lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output ___16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and ___17___ to rise for the next couple of days. ___18___ a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Mondays. Workers ___19___ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before ___20___ a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.
解析空格在主语 lighting 与宾语 workers' productivity 之间，需及物动词作谓语，意为照明如何『影响』生产率。achieve（取得）、extract（提取）、restore（恢复）均不能与 productivity 构成『如何作用于』的逻辑。故选 A affected。
2.
A) at
B) up
C) with
D) off
答案 B
解析end up doing 为固定搭配，意为『最终/结果是』——研究最终给『霍桑效应』命了名。end at / with / off 均无此义。故选 B up。
3.
A) truth
B) sight
C) act
D) proof
答案 C
解析the very ___ of being experimented upon，指被实验『这一行为本身』改变了被试行为；the very act 强调动作本身。truth（真相）、sight（景象）、proof（证据）代入均不通。故选 C act。
4.
A) controversial
B) perplexing
C) mischievous
D) ambiguous
答案 B
解析修饰 behavior。下文说产量在照明增强与减弱时都上升，这是『令人困惑的』行为。controversial（有争议的）、mischievous（淘气的）、ambiguous（模棱两可的）均不切合『又增又减』的费解感。故选 B perplexing。
5.
A) requirements
B) explanations
C) accounts
D) assessments
答案 C
解析according to ___ of the experiments，意为『根据实验的记述』；account 作『叙述、记载』讲，与 according to 搭配自然。requirements（要求）、explanations（解释）、assessments（评估）代入后语义不顺。故选 C accounts。
6.
A) conclude
B) matter
C) indicate
D) work
答案 B
解析It did not ___ what was done，固定句式 it does not matter what...（做什么都无所谓）。conclude（得出结论）、indicate（表明）、work（起作用）均不能构成此句型。故选 B matter。
7.
A) as far as
B) for fear that
C) in case that
D) so long as
答案 D
解析___ something was changed, productivity rose，表条件『只要……就』。so long as=只要；as far as（就……而言）、for fear that（唯恐）、in case that（以防）均不合此处『只要改动就上升』的逻辑。故选 D so long as。
8.
A) awareness
B) expectation
C) sentiment
D) illusion
答案 A
解析A(n) ___ that they were being experimented upon，意为『意识到自己正被实验』；awareness 后接 that 从句表『意识』。被试确在被实验，故非 illusion（错觉）；expectation（期待）、sentiment（情绪）也与事实不符。故选 A awareness。
9.
A) suitable
B) excessive
C) enough
D) abundant
答案 C
解析seemed to be ___ to alter，be enough to do=足以做某事。suitable（合适）、excessive（过度）、abundant（充裕）均不与 to do 构成『足以』之义。故选 C enough。
10.
A) about
B) for
C) on
D) by
答案 D
解析alter workers' behavior ___ itself，by itself=本身、单凭自身。about / for / on 与 itself 均不构成『本身就』之义。故选 D by。
11.
A) compared
B) shown
C) subjected
D) conveyed
答案 C
解析the same data were ___ to econometric analysis，be subjected to=受到/接受（分析）。compared to（与……相比）、shown（被展示）、conveyed（被传达）均不与 to analysis 构成『接受分析』。故选 C subjected。
12.
A) Contrary to
B) Consistent with
C) Parallel with
D) Peculiar to
答案 A
解析___ the descriptions on record, no systematic evidence was found，后文『未发现证据』与在册记录的描述相反，需表对立。Contrary to=与……相反。consistent with（与……一致）、parallel with（与……平行）、peculiar to（为……所特有）方向相反。故选 A Contrary to。
13.
A) evidence
B) guidance
C) implication
D) source
答案 A
解析no systematic ___ was found that...，意为『未找到系统的证据表明』；evidence 后接同位语 that 从句。guidance（指导）、implication（暗示）、source（来源）与『被发现表明……』的逻辑不符。故选 A evidence。
14.
A) disputable
B) enlightening
C) reliable
D) misleading
答案 D
解析may have led to ___ interpretations，结合下文揭示真正原因是『周一效应』，说明原先的解读是『误导性的』。disputable（有争议）、enlightening（有启发）、reliable（可靠）均与『理解出错』相悖。故选 D misleading。
15.
A) In contrast
B) For example
C) In consequence
D) As usual
答案 B
解析本句以『照明总在周日改变』这一具体做法来支撑上句『特殊的实验方式导致了误读』，属举例。In contrast（相反）、In consequence（因此）、As usual（像往常一样）均不表举例。故选 B For example。
16.
A) duly
B) accidentally
C) unpredictably
D) suddenly
答案 A
解析output ___ rose compared with the previous Saturday，duly=适时地、如期地，产量如期上升。下文指出『任何一周周一产量都上升』，是规律性现象，故 accidentally（偶然）、unpredictably（无法预料）、suddenly（突然）均与这种规律性矛盾。故选 A duly。
17.
A) failed
B) ceased
C) started
D) continued
答案 D
解析and ___ to rise for the next couple of days，continue to rise=继续上升，与前半句『产量上升』承接。failed / ceased to rise 意为停止上升，与事实相反；started to rise 与前文重复且不合『接下来几天』的延续义。故选 D continued。
18.
A) Therefore
B) Furthermore
C) However
D) Meanwhile
答案 C
解析___ a comparison...showed that output always went up on Mondays，此句推翻了上文对『霍桑效应』的解释，需转折。However=然而。Therefore（因此）、Furthermore（此外）、Meanwhile（与此同时）均不表转折。故选 C However。
19.
A) attempted
B) tended
C) chose
D) intended
答案 B
解析Workers ___ to be diligent for the first few days，tend to do=倾向于（客观规律）。attempted（试图）、chose（选择）、intended（打算）都含主观意图，而此处描述的是『无论如何前几天都勤奋』的客观倾向。故选 B tended。
20.
A) breaking
B) climbing
C) surpassing
D) hitting
答案 D
解析before ___ a plateau and then slackening off，hit a plateau=进入平台期/停滞，与后文『松懈下来』衔接。break / climb / surpass a plateau 均无此固定搭配义。故选 D hitting。