2017年考研英语一新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

A) The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.

第一篇发表的短篇小说《波普拉沃克的晚餐》在《月刊杂志》上被狄更斯发现时，让他热泪盈眶。从那时起，他以笔名“博兹”在《晚间纪事报》上发表的短篇小说为他赢得了一定的声誉。

B) The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.

《匹克威克外传》的巨大成功，正如今天所知，奠定了狄更斯的声誉。当时出现了匹克威克外套和匹克威克雪茄，而那位肥胖、戴眼镜的主人公塞缪尔·匹克威克成为了一个全国性人物。

C) Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.

《博兹特写》出版后不久，一家出版公司联系狄更斯，让他按月连载写一个故事，作为当时著名艺术家罗伯特·西摩创作的一系列木刻版画的背景，西摩最初提出了这个故事的想法。狄更斯以特有的自信成功坚持让西摩的图片为他自己的故事配图。第一期连载后，狄更斯写信给艺术家，要求他修改一幅他认为不够忠实于他散文的插图。西摩做出了修改，走进后院，并以自杀表达了他的不满。狄更斯和他的出版商只是换了一位新艺术家继续推进。喜剧小说《匹克威克俱乐部遗稿》在1836年和1837年连载，1837年首次以书籍形式出版。

D) Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.

查尔斯·狄更斯可能是19世纪最著名且对许多人来说最伟大的英国小说家。作为道德家、讽刺作家和社会改革家，狄更斯精心构建了复杂的情节和引人注目的角色，捕捉了英国社会的全景。

E) Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.

父亲出狱后不久，狄更斯在律师事务所找到了一份更好的工作，担任信差。他自学速记，后来找到了更好的工作，成为法庭速记员和议会记者。与此同时，狄更斯以记者的眼光记录周围的生活，尤其是任何滑稽或古怪的事情，并向不知名的杂志投稿短篇小说。

F) Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy pay office — a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dickens's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dickens's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.

狄更斯出生于英国南部海岸的朴茨茅斯。他的父亲是英国海军军需办公室的职员——一个受人尊敬但社会地位不高的职位。他的祖父母，一个管家和一个女管家，地位更低，曾是仆人，狄更斯后来隐瞒了他们的背景。狄更斯的母亲据说来自一个更体面的家庭。然而，在狄更斯出生前两年，他的外祖父因偷窃被抓，并逃往欧洲，再也没有回来。家庭日益贫困迫使狄更斯在12岁时辍学，在沃伦的鞋油仓库——一家鞋油工厂工作，在那里其他工男孩嘲笑他为“小绅士”。他的父亲后来因债务入狱。父亲入狱和他在鞋油厂劳动的屈辱构成了狄更斯最大的创伤，并成为他最深的秘密。他甚至不能向妻子倾诉，尽管这些为他小说提供了未被承认的基础。

G) After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dickens as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.

《匹克威克外传》之后，狄更斯进入了一个更灰暗的世界。在《雾都孤儿》中，他追踪了一个孤儿从济贫院到伦敦犯罪贫民窟的历程。他的下一部小说《尼古拉斯·尼克尔贝》结合了《雾都孤儿》的黑暗与《匹克威克外传》的阳光。这些小说的流行巩固了狄更斯作为国内外著名文学家的地位。