2021年考研英语一新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that do not involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions? A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. Here are a few ways AI is aiding companies without replacing employees.

在电影和电视中，人工智能通常被描绘为一种会颠覆我们生活方式的邪恶事物。当谈到商业中的AI时，我们常听到它与自动化以及即将到来的失业相关，但AI在哪些方面正在改变公司和更大的经济，而不涉及悲观的大规模失业预测？塔塔咨询服务公司最近对制造业和服务业的调查发现，公司目前更常将AI用于计算机到计算机的活动，而不是自动化人类活动。以下是AI在不替代员工的情况下帮助公司的几种方式。

Better hiring practices. Companies are using artificial intelligence to remove some of the unconscious bias from hiring decisions. “There are experiments that show that, naturally, the results of interviews are much more biased than what AI does,” says Pedro Domingos. (41) One company that is doing this is called Blendoor. It uses analytics to help identify where there may be bias in the hiring process.

更好的招聘实践。公司正在使用人工智能来消除招聘决策中的一些无意识偏见。Pedro Domingos说：“有实验表明，自然地，面试结果比AI所做的更加偏见。”AI能比人类查看更多的简历，并选择更有前途的候选人。一家这样做的公司叫做Blendoor。它使用分析来帮助识别招聘过程中可能存在的偏见。

More effective marketing. Some AI software can analyze and optimize marketing email subject lines to increase open rates. One company in the UK, Phrasee, claims their software can outperform humans by up to 10 percent when it comes to email open rates. This can mean millions more in revenue. (42) “These are tools that help people use data, not a replacement for people,” says Patrick H. Winston.

更有效的营销。一些AI软件可以分析和优化营销邮件主题行以提高打开率。英国的一家公司Phrasee声称，他们的软件在邮件打开率方面可以比人类高出10%。这可能意味着数百万的额外收入。还有像Acquisio这样的公司，它分析跨多个渠道的广告表现，如Adwords、Bing和社交媒体，并就广告资金在哪里能产生最佳效果做出调整或建议。Patrick H. Winston说：“这些是帮助人们使用数据的工具，而不是替代人。”

Saving customers money. Energy companies can use AI to help customers reduce their electricity bills, saving them money while helping the environment. Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity. Insurance companies, meanwhile, can base their premiums on AI models that more accurately assess risk. Domingos says, “(43)”

节省客户的钱。能源公司可以使用AI帮助客户减少电费，为他们省钱的同时帮助环境。公司也可以优化自己的能源使用并降低电费成本。同时，保险公司可以基于AI模型更准确地评估风险来制定保费。Domingos说：“以前，他们可能不为那些感觉高风险的人保险，或者收取过高的费用，或者收取过低的费用，然后给公司带来损失。”

Improved accuracy. “Machine learning often provides a more reliable form of statistics which makes data more valuable,” says Winston. It “helps people make smarter decisions.” (44)

提高准确性。Winston说：“机器学习通常提供一种更可靠的统计形式，使数据更有价值。”它“帮助人们做出更明智的决定。”一家会计公司EY使用一个AI系统，在审计期间帮助审查合同。这个过程，连同员工审查合同，更快、更准确。

Protecting and maintaining infrastructure. A number of companies, particularly in energy and transportation, use AI image processing technology to inspect infrastructure and prevent equipment failure or leaks before they happen. “If they fail first and then you fix them, it is very expensive,” says Domingos. “(45)”

保护和维护基础设施。许多公司，特别是在能源和交通领域，使用AI图像处理技术来检查基础设施，并在设备故障或泄漏发生前进行预防。Domingos说：“如果它们先故障然后你再修理，那将非常昂贵。”“你想预测某物现在是否需要关注，并指出员工去哪里有用。”