2021年考研英语二新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

How to disagree with someone more powerful than you. Your boss proposes a new initiative you think will not work. Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you believe is unrealistic. What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it is worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here is how to disagree with someone more powerful than you.

如何与比你更有权势的人持不同意见。你的老板提出一个你认为行不通的新计划。你的资深同事概述了一个你认为不现实的项目时间表。当你与比你更有权力的人意见不一致时，你会说什么？你如何决定是否值得说出来？如果你决定说出来，你具体应该说什么？以下是如何与比你更有权势的人持不同意见的方法。

You may decide it is best to hold off on voicing your opinion. Maybe you have not finished thinking the problem through, or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks. If you think other people are going to disagree too, you might want to gather your army first. It is also a good idea to delay the conversation if you are in a meeting or other public space. Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened.

你可能决定最好暂缓表达你的意见。也许你还没有彻底思考这个问题，或者你想更清楚地了解群体的想法。如果你认为其他人也会持不同意见，你可能想先集结你的支持者。如果你在会议或其他公共场所，推迟对话也是个好主意。私下讨论这个问题会让有权势的人感到威胁较小。

Before you share your thoughts, think about what the powerful person cares about. You are more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. You will want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you are seen not as a disagreeable subordinate but as a colleague who is trying to advance a common objective.

在分享你的想法之前，想想有权势的人关心什么。如果你能将你的不同意见与更高目标联系起来，你更有可能被听取。你会想公开陈述，将你的陈述情境化，这样你不会被视为一个令人不快的下属，而是一个试图推进共同目标的同事。

This step may sound overly deferential, but it is a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control. You can say something like, “I know we seem to be moving toward a first-quarter commitment here. I have reasons to think that will not work. I’d like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?” This gives the person a choice, allowing him to verbally opt in.

这一步可能听起来过于恭敬，但它是给有权势的人提供心理安全感和控制感的聪明方式。你可以这样说：“我知道我们似乎正朝着第一季度的承诺前进。我有理由认为这行不通。我想阐述我的推理。可以吗？”这给了对方一个选择，允许他口头同意。

You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red, but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. Deep breaths can help, as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky, we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you.

你可能感到心跳加速或脸红，但尽你所能保持言语和行为中立。深呼吸有帮助，说话更慢、更谨慎也有帮助。当我们感到恐慌时，我们倾向于说话更大声、更快。简单地放慢语速，用平稳的语气说话，有助于对方冷静下来，对你也有同样效果。

Emphasize that you are only offering your opinion, not gospel truth. It may be a well-informed, well-researched opinion, but it is still an opinion, so talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence. Having asserted your opinion, demonstrate equal curiosity about other views and invite critique.

强调你只是提供你的观点，而不是真理。它可能是一个知识渊博、经过深入研究的观点，但它仍然是一个观点，所以说话要试探性，略微低估你的信心。在陈述你的观点后，表现出对其他观点同等的好奇，并邀请批评。