2020年考研英语一新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic, such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here is what hard science reveals about eye contact.

在社交场合，与他人的眼神接触可以表明你正在友好地关注对方。但它也可能是对抗性的，例如当一位政治候选人在辩论中转向竞争对手，并做出表示敌意的眼神接触。以下是硬科学关于眼神接触的揭示。

We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room. “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.

我们知道，一个典型的婴儿会本能地凝视母亲的眼睛，而母亲也会回望。这种相互注视是母子依恋关系的重要组成部分。在成年后，以愉快的方式看着别人可以是一种表示关注的恭维迹象。它能在拥挤的房间里吸引某人的注意。“眼神接触和微笑”可以表示可接近性和自信，这一常识性观点得到了心理学家Monica Moore研究的支持。

Neuroscientist Bonnie Auyeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researchers, using advanced methods of brain scanning.

神经科学家Bonnie Auyeung发现，在短暂的访谈中，当记录他们的注视方向时，催产素增加了男性对访谈者的眼神接触量。这也出现在一些具有自闭症谱系症状的高功能男性中，他们可能倾向于避免眼神接触。其他研究人员正在使用先进的脑部扫描方法，探索在直接注视时反应的特定脑区。

With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it is more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations.

通过使用眼动追踪技术，哈佛大学肯尼迪政府学院的Julia Minson得出结论，眼神接触可以根据情况传递非常不同的信息。在友好的情境中，眼神接触可能是联系或信任的标志，但在对抗性情境中，它更可能与支配或恐吓相关。

When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.

当我们看一张脸或一幅图片时，我们的眼睛一次停在一个点上，通常是在眼睛或嘴巴上。这些停顿通常每秒发生约三次，然后眼睛跳到另一个点，直到图像中的几个重要点像一系列快照一样被记录下来。

In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance. People who scored highly for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and felt more comfortable when others did not look directly at them.

在神经质测试中得分高的人，这是一种与自我意识和焦虑相关的个性维度，眼神接触引发了更多与回避相关的活动。那些在焦虑等负面情绪上得分高的人看别人的时间较短，并且当别人不直接看他们时感觉更舒适。