2020年12月六级第1套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

The idea of taxing things that are bad for society has a powerful allure. It offers the possibility of a double benefit— __26__ harmful activities, while also providing the government with revenue.

对有害社会的事物征税的想法具有强大的吸引力。它提供了双重好处的可能性——既阻止有害活动，又为政府提供收入。

Take sin taxes. Taxes on alcohol make it more expensive to get drunk, which reduces excessive drinking and __27__ driving. At the same time, they provide state and local governments with billions of dollars of revenue. Tobacco taxes, which generate more than twice as much, have proven __28__ in the decline of smoking, which has saved millions of lives.

以罪恶税为例。对酒精征税使得醉酒的成本更高，从而减少过度饮酒和酒后驾驶。同时，它们为州和地方政府提供了数十亿美元的收入。烟草税产生的收入是酒精税的两倍多，已被证明在吸烟率下降中发挥了重要作用，拯救了数百万人的生命。

Taxes can also be an important tool for environmental protection, and many economists say taxing carbon would be the best way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Economic theory says that unlike income or sales taxes, carbon taxes can actually increase economic efficiency; because companies that __29__ carbon dioxide into the sky don't pay the costs of the climate change they cause, carbon taxes would restore the proper __30__ to the market.

税收也可以是环境保护的重要工具，许多经济学家认为对碳征税是减少温室气体排放的最佳方式。经济理论指出，与所得税或销售税不同，碳税实际上可以提高经济效率；因为向大气中排放二氧化碳的公司没有承担它们造成的气候变化的成本，碳税会恢复市场的适当激励。

In reality, carbon taxes alone won't be enough to halt global warming, but they would be a useful part of any climate plan. What's more, the revenue from this tax, which would __31__ be hundreds of billions of dollars per year, could be handed out to citizens as a __32__ or used to fund green infrastructure projects.

实际上，仅靠碳税不足以阻止全球变暖，但它们将是任何气候计划的有用组成部分。更重要的是，这项税收的收入（可能每年数千亿美元）可以作为红利发放给公民，或用于资助绿色基础设施项目。

Similarly, a wealth tax has been put forward as a way to reduce inequality while raising revenue. The revenue from this tax, which some experts __33__ will be over $4 trillion per decade, would be designated for housing, child care, health care and other government benefits. If you believe, as many do, that wealth inequality is __34__ bad, then these taxes improve society while also __35__ government coffers (金库).

同样，财富税被提出作为一种既能减少不平等又能增加收入的方式。这项税收的收入（一些专家预测每十年将超过4万亿美元）将用于住房、儿童保育、医疗保健和其他政府福利。如果你像许多人一样认为财富不平等本质上是坏事，那么这些税收改善了社会，同时也充实了政府金库。