2023年12月六级第3套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

Modern U.S. cities were designed to make exercise unnecessary. Cars and elevators once symbolized urban areas as machines for more efficient living. Now it is clear that these improvements provide great benefits but also __26__ health costs. Recent studies show that urban __27__ encourages more driving and is associated with heavier weight. This __28__ suggests that the layout and design of cities can hinder or promote healthier lifestyle choices and it is __29__ that urban planners bear this in mind.

现代美国城市的设计旨在使运动变得不必要。汽车和电梯曾象征着城市地区是更高效生活的机器。现在很清楚，这些改进带来了巨大益处，但也带来了健康成本。近期研究表明，城市扩张鼓励更多驾驶，并与更重的体重相关。这种关联表明，城市的布局和设计可以阻碍或促进更健康的生活方式选择，因此城市规划者必须牢记这一点。

Unfortunately, urban planning still centers in large part on solving the problems of the past. Of course cities still need to __30__ standard public health practices, such as separating toxic facilities from homes and restricting heavy truck traffic through __31__ residential areas. But it's also important to create healthier cities—and the discussion is already underway. More and more city planners are paying increasing attention to encouraging physical activity by making it easier and safer for people to recreate, walk, bike and take public transportation. Many studies of __32__ show that people live the longest in environments where physical activity is part of everyday life.

不幸的是，城市规划在很大程度上仍集中在解决过去的问题上。当然，城市仍然需要应对标准的公共卫生实践，例如将有毒设施与住宅分开，并限制重型卡车通过附近住宅区。但创建更健康的城市也很重要——讨论已经在进行中。越来越多的城市规划者越来越关注通过使人们更容易和更安全地进行娱乐、步行、骑自行车和乘坐公共交通来鼓励体育活动。许多长寿研究表明，在体育活动是日常一部分的环境中，人们寿命最长。

Providing more walkable spaces, better protected bike lanes and more __33__ spaces are important steps. But even smaller changes can be effective.

提供更多的可步行空间、更好保护的自行车道和更多的娱乐空间是重要的步骤。但即使较小的变化也能有效。

Cities can close off streets on weekends to encourage communities to get out and walk. They also can provide more seating in public places, so that less-fit residents can rest during their journeys. Using public spaces in cities as places where people can exercise promotes __34__, rather than allowing physical activity to become restricted to private gyms with often-expensive monthly fees that __35__ less wealthy people from joining.

城市可以在周末封闭街道，鼓励社区居民外出步行。它们还可以在公共场所提供更多座椅，以便不太健康的居民在旅程中休息。将城市公共空间用作人们锻炼的地方，可以促进公平，而不是让体育活动局限于私人健身房，这些健身房通常月费昂贵，阻止较不富裕的人加入。