2020年12月四级第2套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

When my son completes a task, I can't help but praise him. It's only natural to give praise where praise is due, right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?

当我的儿子完成一项任务时，我忍不住要表扬他。在应得表扬的地方给予表扬是很自然的，对吧？但是，表扬会不会过多呢？

According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don't benefit from __26__ praise as much as we'd like to think. "Parents' often praise, believing they are building their child's self-confidence. However, over-praising can have a __27__ effect," says Phillip. "When we use the same praise __28__, it may become empty and no longer valued by the child. It can also become an expectation that anything they do must be __29__ with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to fear of __30__ their parents. "

根据心理学家凯瑟琳·菲利普的说法，儿童从持续表扬中受益并不如我们想象的那么多。“父母经常表扬，认为他们在建立孩子的自信心。然而，过度表扬可能会产生负面影响，”菲利普说。“当我们反复使用同样的表扬时，它可能变得空洞，不再被孩子重视。它也可能成为一种期望，即他们做的任何事情都必须得到表扬奖励。这可能导致孩子为了避免让父母失望而回避冒险。”

Does this mean we should do away with all the praise? Phillip says no. "The key to healthy praise is to focus on the process rather than the __31__. It is the recognition of a child's attempt, or the process in which they achieved something, that is essential," she says. "Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed to learn and grow. "

那么，我们是否应该摒弃所有的表扬？菲利普说不是。“健康表扬的关键是关注过程而非结果。重要的是承认孩子的努力，或他们取得成就的过程，”她说。“父母应该鼓励孩子去冒险，以学习和成长。”

So how do we break the __32__ of praise we're all so accustomed to? Phillip says it's important to __33__ between "person praise" and "process praise". "Person praise is __34__ saying how great someone is. It's a form of personal approval. Process praise is acknowledgement of the efforts the person has just __35__ Children who receive person praise are more likely to feel shame after losing," says Phillip.

那么，我们如何打破我们都习以为常的表扬模式呢？菲利普说，区分“个人表扬”和“过程表扬”很重要。“个人表扬只是说某人有多棒。它是一种个人认可的形式。过程表扬是对个人刚刚付出的努力的承认。接受个人表扬的孩子在失败后更容易感到羞耻，”菲利普说。