2019年12月六级第1套选词填空原文翻译及答案解析

When considering risk factors associated with serious chronic diseases, we often think about health indicators such as cholesterol, blood pressure, and body weight. But poor diet and physical inactivity also each increase the risk of heart disease and have a role to play in the development of some cancers. Perhaps worse, the __26__ effects of an unhealthy diet and insufficient exercise are not limited to your body. Recent research has also shown that __27__ in a high-fat and high-sugar diet may have negative effects on your brain, causing learning and memory __28__.

在考虑与严重慢性病相关的风险因素时，我们通常会想到胆固醇、血压和体重等健康指标。但不良饮食和缺乏运动也会各自增加患心脏病的风险，并在某些癌症的发展中起到一定作用。更糟糕的是，不健康饮食和运动不足的后果不仅限于身体。最近的研究还表明，沉迷于高脂肪和高糖饮食可能对大脑产生负面影响，导致学习和记忆缺陷。

Studies have found obesity is associated with impairments in cognitive functioning, as __29__ by a range of learning and memory tests, such as the ability to remember a list of words presented some minutes or hours earlier. There is also a growing body of evidence that diet-induced cognitive impairments can emerge __30__ within weeks or even days. For example, one study found healthy adults __31__ to a high-fat diet for five days showed impaired attention, memory, and mood compared with a low-fat diet control group. Another study also found eating a high-fat and high-sugar breakfast each day for as little as four days resulted in problems with learning and memory __32__ to those observed in overweight and obese individuals.

研究发现，肥胖与认知功能受损相关，这通过一系列学习和记忆测试来评估，例如记住几分钟或几小时前呈现的单词列表的能力。还有越来越多的证据表明，饮食引起的认知障碍可能在几周甚至几天内迅速出现。例如，一项研究发现，被分配高脂肪饮食五天的健康成年人与低脂肪饮食对照组相比，注意力、记忆和情绪都出现了受损。另一项研究还发现，每天吃高脂肪和高糖早餐仅四天，就会导致学习和记忆问题，类似于在超重和肥胖个体中观察到的情况。

Body weight was not hugely different between the groups eating a healthy diet and those on high fat and sugar diets. So this shows negative __33__ of poor dietary intake can occur even when body weight has not changed __34__. Thus, body weight is not always the best indicator of health and a thin person still needs to eat well and exercise __35__.

在健康饮食组和高脂肪高糖饮食组之间，体重没有巨大差异。因此，这表明不良饮食摄入的负面影响可能在体重没有变化的情况下发生。因此，体重并不总是健康的最佳指标，瘦人仍然需要健康饮食和定期锻炼。