2011年考研英语二完形填空原文翻译及答案解析

The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom

互联网为用户提供了匿名性，这是对隐私和自由的福佑。

of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime

言论自由。但正是这种匿名性也导致了网络犯罪的激增。

that has ___1___ across the Web.

这一现象已席卷整个网络。

Can privacy be preserved ___2___ bringing safety and security to a world that

隐私能否在带来安全与保障的同时得到保护，面对一个似乎越来越无法无天的世界？

seems increasingly ___3___ ?

似乎越来越无法无天？

Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation's cyber-czar, offered the federal

上个月，国家网络沙皇霍华德·施密特向联邦政府提出了一项提案。

government a ___4___ to make the Web a safer place - a "voluntary trusted

旨在使网络成为更安全的地方——一个“自愿可信身份”系统。

identity" system that would be the high-tech ___5___ of a physical key, a

这将是物理钥匙、指纹和照片身份证的高科技等价物，合而为一。

fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled ___6___ one. The system might use a

该系统可能使用智能身份卡或与特定计算机绑定的数字凭证，

smart identity card, or a digital credential ___7___ to a specific computer, and

并会在一系列在线服务中认证用户。

would authenticate users at a range of online services.

在一系列在线服务中认证用户。

The idea is to ___8___ a federation of private online identity systems. Users could ___9___ which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license ___10___ by the government.

这个想法是建立一个私人在线身份系统的联合体。用户可以选择加入哪个系统，只有经过身份验证的注册用户才能浏览这些系统。这种方法与要求政府颁发互联网驾驶执照的方法形成对比。

Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these "single sign

谷歌和微软等公司已经拥有这些“单点登录”

on" systems that make it possible for users to ___11___ just once but use many

系统，这些系统使用户只需登录一次即可使用多种

different services.

不同的服务。

___12___ , the approach would create a "walled garden" in cyberspace, with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a ___13___ community.

实际上，这种方法会在网络空间创建一个“围墙花园”，有安全的“社区”和明亮的“路灯”，以建立可信社区的感觉。

Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals

施密特先生将其描述为一个“自愿生态系统”，在其中“个人

and organizations can complete online transactions with ___14___ , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure ___15___ which the

和组织可以自信地完成在线交易，信任彼此的身份以及交易运行的基础设施的身份。

transaction runs."

交易运行。”

Still, the administration's plan has ___16___ privacy rights activists. Some

尽管如此，政府的计划分裂了隐私权利活动人士。一些

applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an

人赞扬这种方法；其他人则感到担忧。似乎很清楚，这样的计划是

initial push toward what would ___17___ be a compulsory Internet "driver's

朝着最终成为强制性互联网“驾驶

license" mentality.

执照”心态的初步推动。

The plan has also been greeted with ___18___ by some computer security

该计划也遭到了一些计算机安全

experts, who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt

专家的怀疑，他们担心施密特先生设想的“自愿生态系统”

would still leave much of the Internet ___19___ . They argue that all Internet users

仍会使互联网的大部分区域易受攻击。他们认为所有互联网用户

should be ___20___ to register and identify themselves, in the same way that

应该被强制注册和识别自己，就像

drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.

司机必须获得执照才能在公共道路上驾驶一样。