2014年考研英语二新题型 Part B 原文翻译及答案

Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of the land itself as their medium.

兴起于六十年代末，七十年代达到顶峰，土地艺术是一系列新形式之一，包括身体艺术、表演艺术、行动艺术和装置艺术，这些艺术形式将艺术推向了工作室和画廊的传统界限之外。土地艺术家不是描绘风景，而是使用土地本身的物理物质作为他们的媒介。

The British land art, typified by Richard Long's piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long's photograph of his work is the work. Since his "action" is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.

以理查德·朗的作品为代表的英国土地艺术，不仅规模更贴近家庭，而且比美国的同类艺术更加古怪。确实，你可能认为土地艺术展览只包含作品的记录而非作品本身，但朗的作品的照片就是作品本身。由于他的‘行动’已成为过去，照片是其唯一的体现。

That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects.

这一点可能看起来相当晦涩，但它为一场包含大量黑白照片和相对较少自然物体的展览定下了基调。

Long is Britain's best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.

朗是英国最著名的土地艺术家，他的‘石圈’——一个由来自波蒂斯黑德海滩的紫色岩石组成的完美圆环，铺设在画廊地板上，代表了这一形式的优雅、精致一面。另一方面，博伊尔家族代表了其肮脏、都市的一面。由艺术家马克·博伊尔和琼·希尔斯及其子女组成，他们在画廊墙上重现了英国风景的随机片段。他们的‘奥拉夫街研究’，一个布满砖块的废弃地广场，是这里少数拥抱平凡性的作品之一，这种平凡性构成了我们大部分时间对风景体验的特征。

Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of the same photograph.

公园是常见的主题，尤其是在早期作品中，例如约翰·希利亚德的非常有趣的‘穿越公园’，其中一位长发散步者被一个漂亮女孩微笑注视，并在一系列图像中被无意中袭击，这些图像最终被证明是同一张照片的不同部分。

Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman's yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.

然而，总体上，英国土地艺术家更喜欢远离城镇，倾向于传统上认为美丽的风景，如湖区或威尔特郡丘陵。虽然当时可能并不明显，但许多作品都渗透着一种浪漫逃避主义的精神，像华兹华斯这样的人会很容易理解。德里克·贾曼的黄色调电影‘走向埃夫伯里’，一系列威尔特郡风景的长镜头，大部分是静止的，唤起了从塞缪尔·帕尔默到保罗·纳什的英国风景画传统。

In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can't help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.

在哈米什·富尔顿的情况下，你不禁觉得这位苏格兰艺术家只是找到了一种让他对步行的热爱产生回报的方式。一个典型的作品，如‘七天’，包括一张在史诗般徒步旅行中拍摄的美丽黑白照片，下方列出里程数和所用天数。在这个精心挑选但规模相对适中的展览中展示的英国土地艺术，不是关于强加于风景之上，更多是一种以风景为导向的轻概念艺术，在经过时创造。它起源于户外，但结果像特纳和康斯特布尔的画作一样受画廊束缚。

Stone Circle

石圈

Olaf Street Study

奥拉夫街研究

Across the Park

穿越公园

Towards Avebury

走向埃夫伯里

Seven Days

七天