2014年考研英语二完形填空原文翻译及答案解析

Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have ___1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___, among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.

更瘦并不总是更好。许多研究得出结论，正常体重的人实际上比超重的人面临更高的某些疾病风险。而且，有些健康状况下，超重实际上具有保护作用。例如，体重较重的女性比瘦女性更不容易出现钙缺乏。同样，在老年人中，略微超重往往是健康状况良好的标志。

Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7___ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___, can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.

更令人担忧的是，肥胖实际上很难定义。它通常根据身体质量指数（BMI）来定义。BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。一个BMI在18到25之间的成年人通常被认为是正常体重。25到30之间是超重。超过30则被认为是肥胖。肥胖又可以分为中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极重度肥胖。

While such numerical standards seem ___9___, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, ___10___ others with a low BMI may be in poor ___11___. For example, many collegiate and professional football players ___12___ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a ___13___ BMI.

虽然这样的数值标准看似简单明了，但实际上并非如此。肥胖可能更多是关于体脂而非体重。一些BMI高的人实际上非常健康，而另一些BMI低的人可能状况不佳。例如，许多大学和职业橄榄球运动员符合肥胖标准，尽管他们的体脂百分比很低。相反，一个骨架较小的人可能体脂高但BMI正常。

Today we have a(n) ___14___ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes ___15___ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes ___16___ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. ___17___ very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

如今，我们倾向于将肥胖视为一种耻辱。超重者有时在媒体中被雇用时，他们的脸被遮盖。与肥胖相关的刻板印象包括懒惰、缺乏意志力以及较低的成功前景。研究表明，教师、雇主和医疗专业人员对肥胖者怀有偏见。甚至非常年幼的孩子也往往看不起超重者，而且关于体型的取笑长期以来一直是学校中的问题。

Negative attitudes toward obesity, ___18___ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity ___19___. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign ___20___ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.

对肥胖的负面态度，在健康关切中被忽视，已经刺激了许多反肥胖研究。我所在的医院系统已经禁止在其设施中销售含糖饮料。许多雇主推出了减肥和健身计划。米歇尔·奥巴马发起了一场高调的反儿童肥胖运动，甚至声称这是我国最大的国家安全威胁。